Cyclosporine
FDA approved · RxCalcineurin inhibitor immunosuppressant
Also known as: ciclosporin, Sandimmune, Neoral, Restasis, Cyclosporine, Modfied, Gengraf, cyclosporin A, Ciclosporin, Sandimmun, Cyclosporine A
Strong, human-grade evidence
- Regulatory standing. FDA-approved prescription medicine
- Human trials. Backed by controlled human studies
- Registered human trials. 1319 registered studies on ClinicalTrials.gov, most advanced Phase 4
- 2 cited sources. Includes primary / regulatory sources
Computed with the same four public criteria as every profile. The human-evidence grade on an indexed profile is set automatically and may change when it is hand-reviewed. It is not a safety score, not a purity rating, and not medical advice, and not a claim that this compound treats, cures, or prevents any condition.
What it is
Cyclosporine is a cyclic peptide of 11 amino acids originally isolated from a soil fungus. It binds to cyclophilin inside immune cells, and this complex blocks calcineurin, which reduces activation of T cells and the release of signaling molecules such as interleukin-2.
What the evidence shows
Cyclosporine is FDA-approved as a prescription drug, with oral and injectable forms approved for preventing organ transplant rejection and for certain cases of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, and an eye drop form (Restasis) approved for increasing tear production in some types of chronic dry eye. It has an extensive human evidence base, with over 1,300 registered trials reaching Phase 4 and more than 35,000 published papers, and it carries well-documented risks including kidney toxicity and increased infection risk.
Key facts
Registered human trials
Live from ClinicalTrials.gov, refreshed daily.
Clinical Study Evaluating Two Treatment Protocols for Immunosuppressive Drugs. Looking at 3-year Incidence of CLAD.
Umbilical Cord Blood Treatment for Refractory Immune Cytopenia
Renal Safety of Everolimus in Addition to Cyclosporine Microemulsion in Cardiac Transplant Recipients.
Intravitreal Bevacizumab for the Treatment of CNV in VKH Disease - A Prospective Study
Published literature
Live from Europe PMC. This is how much has been published, not how much is proven in humans.
1994 Consensus Conference on Acute GVHD Grading.
HLH-2004: Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, and Treatment of Psoriasis: A Review.
Reduced exposure to calcineurin inhibitors in renal transplantation.
Sources
- PubChem compound record (CID 5284373)
- FDA drug label on DailyMed
- Registered trials on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Published papers on Europe PMC
Risks, side effects and study doses are only published on hand-reviewed profiles. Want this one reviewed, or spotted something wrong? Tell us.